永善县开展计划免疫后的麻疹流行病学特征(1)
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【摘要】 目的 分析开展计划免疫后的麻疹流行病学特征，为防治麻疹提供参考依据。方法 对永善县历年麻疹疫情资料、个案调查资料及调查报告采用描述性流行病学方法进行统计分析。 结果 开展计划免疫后麻疹年平均发病率下降了99%以上、打破了周期性流行规律、呈散发状态、发病季节从冬春二季转移到春夏二季﹙占发病数的88.21%)、发病年龄从小年龄组逐步向大年龄组转移(使用疫苗前0～岁组占86.40%、5～岁组占12.50%、10～岁组占1.0%、20岁及其以上占0.1%；使用疫苗后0～岁组占41.50%、5～岁组占29.50%、10～岁组28.50%、20岁及其以上占0.5%；计划免疫后0～岁组占20.65%、5～岁组占32.61%、10～岁组占40.76%、20岁及其以上占5.98%)；患者的临床症状体征——重症典型病例逐渐减少、轻症非典型病例逐渐增多、病程较短，其病情轻重与接种麻疹疫苗有关且有统计学意义。结论 广泛开展麻疹疫苗的基础免疫和强化免疫可显著降低麻疹发病率；接种过麻疹疫苗的患者其病情较未接种过麻疹疫苗的患者轻，病程短；非典型病例增多容易造成漏诊和误诊，因此在诊治过程中应特别注意。
【关键词】 计划免疫；麻疹；流行病学
Yongshan County plan immunity after the epidemiological characteristics of measles
YAO Ding-hua .Centers for disease control and prevention yunnan province yongshan 657300,china
【Abstract】 objective Analysis on epidemiological characteristics of measles after immunization, provide the reference framework for measles. methods Yongshan County over the investigation report of investigation on measles outbreak information, case information and descriptive epidemiological methods used for statistical analysis. Results aCarried out plan immune Hou measles average incidence decline has 99% above, and break has periodic popular law, and is distributed State, and onset season from winter spring second quarter transfer to spring summer second quarter information accounted for onset number of 88.21%), and onset age from small age group gradually to large age group transfer (using vaccine Qian 0~ aged group accounted for 86.4%, and 5~ aged group accounted for 12.5%, and 10~ aged group accounted for 1%, and 20 aged and above accounted for 0.1%; using vaccine Hou 0~ aged group accounted for 41.5%, and 5~ aged group accounted for 29.5%, and 10~ aged group 28.5%, and 20 aged and above accounted for 0.5%; plan immune Hou 0~ aged group accounted for 20.65%, and 5~ aged group accounted for 32.61%, and 10~ aged group accounted for 40.76%, and 20 aged and aboveccounted for 5.98%); patients of clinical symptoms signs--heavy syndrome typical case gradually reduced, and light syndrome non-typical case gradually increased, and course more short, its condition severity and vaccination measles vaccine about and has statistics significance conclusion Broad based vaccination and immunization of measles vaccine can significantly reduce the incidence of measles; immunization with measles vaccine in patients with the disease have not been vaccinated for measles vaccine in patients with light, short course; missed diagnosis and misdiagnosis of atypical cases more easily, so should pay special attention in the diagnosis and treatment process ......
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