辽宁省抚顺市托幼园所630名儿童铅损伤现状调查分析(1)
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【摘要】 目的 为引起广大医疗工作者的关注，以利用相关医疗保健和铅损伤防止措施的逐项落实，加强健康教育，保障人民健康并通过健康教育使各位家长认识到铅毒的危害及防治措施，在生活环境中最大限度地避免铅损害，为孩子提供一个良好的生长发育条件。 方法 于2009年抚顺市不同区域20所托幼园所，共对其中3——7岁的630名儿童进行全血铅检测并进行流行病学调查分析。结果 (1)工业区与交通繁忙区之间在统计学上差异无显著性(P>0.05)(2)工业区与普通市区之间、交通繁忙区与普通市区之间在统计学上均有极显著的差异(P<0.01)。 结论 工业污染、交通污染与城市儿童铅损伤有密切关系，此外，在随访的205名平均血铅值超过100的儿童中，其家长从事铅作业、机动车驾驶或电脑操作地战，提示这些职业因素对儿童铅损伤可能有一定影响，还有一些孩子经常接触化妆品、油料、颜料以及食用含铅过高的食品等历史。
The main purpose of this thesis is injury by lead should be concerned by most medical. So some relevant measure of medical care and the prevention about lead in jury can be carried out. In order to provide a better growing condition,we should strengthen heal thy education and guarantee people's health,and then every parent should realize that the criticality of lead poisoning and its prevention measure,and avoid lead poisoning furthest in our life.
The main metthod is that we selected about 630 children from 3 to 7years old from 20 nurseries at different district in fushun at 2009.We check the lead content in blood and then do some eridemiologic diagnose.
The result indicates that there is no obvious difference between industry area and busy traffic area in statistics(P<0.05),and there are both extremely obvious difference not only between industry area and common urban area but also between busy traffic area and common urban area but also between busy traffic area and common urban area in statistics(P<0.01).
Conclusion:there exists affinity between lead in jury of city children and industrial pollution and traffic pollution. Furthermore,we select 205 children in random whose average value of lead content in blood (PB) is over 100ug/L. among these,there is about 54% that their parents engaged in lead job or driver or computer operation. It indicates that occupation factor can influence children's lead injury, and so does children touch cosmetic and paint constantly.
【关键词】 铅损伤；环境；儿童
众所周知，随着工业化的发展，生态环境的变化，铅中毒已成为威胁儿童健康的重要因素之一。世界卫生组织规定，婴幼儿每天摄入的铅量每公斤体重不得大于3.5ug。铅是一种具有神经毒性的重金属元素，对身体百害无一例，人体内理想的铅浓度应为“零”。
由于环境中铅的普遍存在，绝大多数人体内或多或少存在一定量的铅，当铅的水平超过一定量时就会对健康引起危害。抚顺市妇幼保健院儿保科在2009年5月到8月期间，对抚顺市20所托幼园所中630名3-7岁儿童进行了铅损伤现状流行病学调查。
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