浅谈腹腔镜胆道手术的护理(1)
【摘要】目的:探讨腹腔镜下胆总管切开取石术的护理方法及效果。 方法:回顾性分析我院38例腹腔镜胆总管切开取石术患者临床资料,均在腹腔镜下行胆总管切开取石术,并在术前、术中和术后进行精心护理。结果:38例患者均在腹腔镜下完成胆总管切开取石T型管引流术,其中33例同时行胆囊切除术。手术时间90~200min,平均138min;出血量30~50ml。住院时间为3~8d,平均5.5d。结论 对腹腔镜胆道手术患者行之有效的护理是顺利渡过反应期,尽早恢复健康的关键。
【关键词】腹腔镜;胆道手术;护理
Nursing of laparoscopic biliary tract operation
Two Department of Sichuan Armed Police Hospital of Zhang Jianying 614000
【ABSTRACT】Objective:To investigate the nursing method of laparoscopic common bile duct lithotomy and effect. Methods: a retrospective analysis of 38 cases of laparoscopic choledochotomy clinical data of stone surgery patients in our hospital, were incision in laparoscopic choledocholithotomy, and careful nursing was given in the preoperative, intraoperative and postoperative. Results: 38 patients were treated with laparoscopic choledocholithotomy and T tube drainage, 33 cases underwent cholecystectomy. Operation time was 90 ~ 200Min, average 138min; blood loss ranged from 30 to 50ml. Hospital stay was 3 ~ 8D, average 5.5d. Conclusion the effective nursing in patients with laparoscopic biliary tract operation is smoothly through the reaction period, restore the health of the key as soon as possible.
【KEY WORDS】laparoscopic biliary tract operation; nursing
【中图分类号】R473.6【文献标识码】A 【文章编号】2095-6851(2014)08 随着微创手术在腹部外科日益广泛的应用、腹腔镜技术的普及、外科医师经验的日益丰富及腹腔镜技能的不断提高,腹腔镜下胆总管切开取石术式(LCDE)正在普遍地得到开展,成为处理胆总管结石疾病的有效手段[1]。我院在熟练应用腹腔镜胆囊切除术(LC)的基础上,成功地实施了38例腹腔镜联合胆道镜胆总管切开取石术,疗效满意。现将手术配合体会报告如下。
1资料与方法
1.1临床资料:本组38例患者中,男13例,女25例,年龄23~83岁,平均56.8岁,4均为择期手术,术前均行腹部彩超、CT、胆道MRCP检查,确诊为胆囊结石合并胆总管结石,无原发性胆总管结石,均为继发性胆管结石。有下腹部手术史2例。考虑到改良一期缝合术后存在胆漏的可能,贫血及低蛋白血症患者术前均纠正到正常值范围再进行手术。
1.2 手术方法: 配合医生常规消毒、铺巾后,按腹腔镜胆囊切除术法常规置入腹腔镜全套,建立气腹,如需同时行胆囊切除,则先用电凝钩、超声刀或分离钳等解剖游离胆囊三角,处理胆囊动脉,钛夹夹闭或丝线结扎胆囊管,用弹簧钳将胆囊向右外侧牵引。再用电凝钩、超声刀或剪刀解剖充分暴露胆总管术野,用7号穿刺针穿刺抽出胆汁证实为胆总管后,于网膜孔处放置纱布1块,防止胆汁及结石漏入小网膜囊,用剪刀纵行剪开胆总管,约10~20mm切口,用取石钳取出或用钳挤出胆总管结石,接着在腹腔镜的监视下从剑突下10mm Trocar戳孔置入胆道镜行胆总管探查和网篮套石,随时将结石放入标本收集袋,以防结石流失。取净结石后冲洗胆总管,选择合适的T管,修剪好后从剑突下戳孔全程置入,用分离钳将2短臂分别置入胆总管内,用持针器、3-0可吸收线间断全层缝合胆总管3~5针,然后经右肋缘下锁骨中线5mm Trocar戳孔处将T形管引出体外,向管腔内注入生理盐水50~60ml,观察胆总管缝合处周围有无渗漏。接着切除胆囊,彻底止血,用生理盐水冲洗右上腹,吸尽冲洗液[2]。小网膜孔置引流管,从右肋缘下腋前线5mm Trocar戳孔处引出。取出胆囊和结石,放尽气腹,同时观察各引流管位置及各戳孔处是否出血。取出各切口器械,缝合各切口,覆盖伤口,固定并标识各引流管。待生命体征平稳后送患者回病房,做好交接班。
1.3 护理方法
1.3.1 术前护理
1.3.1.1 心理护理
患者的心理状态极大影响着治疗的顺利实施及手术预后。由于患者对腹腔镜手术均不是很了解,普遍存在紧张、焦虑、恐惧心理,多数患者会担心手术能否成功,对向腹腔内注入气体存在一定的恐惧心理,以及对医师的选择,术中术后疼痛的担心等。护士应与患者建立良好的护患关系,术前进行耐心细致的解释工作, 介绍手术过程及术后注意事项,使患者对腹腔镜手术有一定的了解,解除患者的顾虑,使其能很好的配合整个手术。 (张健英)
【关键词】腹腔镜;胆道手术;护理
Nursing of laparoscopic biliary tract operation
Two Department of Sichuan Armed Police Hospital of Zhang Jianying 614000
【ABSTRACT】Objective:To investigate the nursing method of laparoscopic common bile duct lithotomy and effect. Methods: a retrospective analysis of 38 cases of laparoscopic choledochotomy clinical data of stone surgery patients in our hospital, were incision in laparoscopic choledocholithotomy, and careful nursing was given in the preoperative, intraoperative and postoperative. Results: 38 patients were treated with laparoscopic choledocholithotomy and T tube drainage, 33 cases underwent cholecystectomy. Operation time was 90 ~ 200Min, average 138min; blood loss ranged from 30 to 50ml. Hospital stay was 3 ~ 8D, average 5.5d. Conclusion the effective nursing in patients with laparoscopic biliary tract operation is smoothly through the reaction period, restore the health of the key as soon as possible.
【KEY WORDS】laparoscopic biliary tract operation; nursing
【中图分类号】R473.6【文献标识码】A 【文章编号】2095-6851(2014)08 随着微创手术在腹部外科日益广泛的应用、腹腔镜技术的普及、外科医师经验的日益丰富及腹腔镜技能的不断提高,腹腔镜下胆总管切开取石术式(LCDE)正在普遍地得到开展,成为处理胆总管结石疾病的有效手段[1]。我院在熟练应用腹腔镜胆囊切除术(LC)的基础上,成功地实施了38例腹腔镜联合胆道镜胆总管切开取石术,疗效满意。现将手术配合体会报告如下。
1资料与方法
1.1临床资料:本组38例患者中,男13例,女25例,年龄23~83岁,平均56.8岁,4均为择期手术,术前均行腹部彩超、CT、胆道MRCP检查,确诊为胆囊结石合并胆总管结石,无原发性胆总管结石,均为继发性胆管结石。有下腹部手术史2例。考虑到改良一期缝合术后存在胆漏的可能,贫血及低蛋白血症患者术前均纠正到正常值范围再进行手术。
1.2 手术方法: 配合医生常规消毒、铺巾后,按腹腔镜胆囊切除术法常规置入腹腔镜全套,建立气腹,如需同时行胆囊切除,则先用电凝钩、超声刀或分离钳等解剖游离胆囊三角,处理胆囊动脉,钛夹夹闭或丝线结扎胆囊管,用弹簧钳将胆囊向右外侧牵引。再用电凝钩、超声刀或剪刀解剖充分暴露胆总管术野,用7号穿刺针穿刺抽出胆汁证实为胆总管后,于网膜孔处放置纱布1块,防止胆汁及结石漏入小网膜囊,用剪刀纵行剪开胆总管,约10~20mm切口,用取石钳取出或用钳挤出胆总管结石,接着在腹腔镜的监视下从剑突下10mm Trocar戳孔置入胆道镜行胆总管探查和网篮套石,随时将结石放入标本收集袋,以防结石流失。取净结石后冲洗胆总管,选择合适的T管,修剪好后从剑突下戳孔全程置入,用分离钳将2短臂分别置入胆总管内,用持针器、3-0可吸收线间断全层缝合胆总管3~5针,然后经右肋缘下锁骨中线5mm Trocar戳孔处将T形管引出体外,向管腔内注入生理盐水50~60ml,观察胆总管缝合处周围有无渗漏。接着切除胆囊,彻底止血,用生理盐水冲洗右上腹,吸尽冲洗液[2]。小网膜孔置引流管,从右肋缘下腋前线5mm Trocar戳孔处引出。取出胆囊和结石,放尽气腹,同时观察各引流管位置及各戳孔处是否出血。取出各切口器械,缝合各切口,覆盖伤口,固定并标识各引流管。待生命体征平稳后送患者回病房,做好交接班。
1.3 护理方法
1.3.1 术前护理
1.3.1.1 心理护理
患者的心理状态极大影响着治疗的顺利实施及手术预后。由于患者对腹腔镜手术均不是很了解,普遍存在紧张、焦虑、恐惧心理,多数患者会担心手术能否成功,对向腹腔内注入气体存在一定的恐惧心理,以及对医师的选择,术中术后疼痛的担心等。护士应与患者建立良好的护患关系,术前进行耐心细致的解释工作, 介绍手术过程及术后注意事项,使患者对腹腔镜手术有一定的了解,解除患者的顾虑,使其能很好的配合整个手术。 (张健英)