放化综合治疗局部晚期鼻咽癌临床观察(1)
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【中图分类号】 R739 6 【文献标识码】 A 【文章编号】1185-1672(2006)-08-0718-02
摘要 目的 研究放化综合治疗局部晚期鼻咽癌的疗效及不良反应。方法 对45例Ⅲ~ⅣA期鼻咽癌行诱导化疗配合放疗加辅助化疗(放化组),选取同期在本院行单纯放疗的47例Ⅲ~ⅣA期鼻咽癌作为对照(单放组)。结果 放化组和单放组5年生存率各为53 3%、42 6%;鼻咽局控率各为88 9%、80 9%;颈部局控率各为86 7%、72 3%;远处转移发生率各为22 2%、34 1%;两组比较无显著性差异(P>0 05)。N2期放化组和单放组5年生存率各为66 7%、38 7%,两组比较有显著性差异(P<0 05)。两组急性放疗反应和晚期放射损伤均无明显差异。结论 综合治疗未明显提高Ⅲ~ⅣA期鼻咽癌的5年生存率,但提高了其中N2期的5年生存率。
关键词 鼻咽癌;诱导化疗;辅助化疗;放疗
Clinical study on locoregionally advanced nasopharyngeal
carcinoma treated by chemotherapy plus radiotherapy
Xu Hongbin, Peng Li, Ran Fengming, et al
Department of Radiation Oncology and Medical Oncology, Hubei Cancer Hospital, Wuhan ,430079, China
Abstract Objective To compare chemotherapy plus radiotherapy with radiotherapy alone in the treatment results and toxicities of locoregionally advanced nasopharyngeal carcinoma Methods Forty-five patients with stage Ⅲ~ⅣA nasopharyngeal carcinoma were treated by induction chemotherapy followed by radiotherapy and adjuvant chemotherapy(chemotherapy plus radiotherapy group)This group was matched with a group of forty-seven patients with stage Ⅲ~ⅣA nasopharyngeal carcinoma were treated with radiotherapy alone(radiotherapy group) Results The overall 5-year survival was 53 3% in the chemotherapy plus radiotherapy(CT+RT) group and 42 6% in the radiotherapy(RT)groupThe 5-year free from local failure rate in nasopharynx was 88 9% in the CT+RT group and 80 9% in the RT groupThe 5-year free from local failure rate in neck was 86 7% in the CT+RT group and 72 3% in the RT groupThe 5-year distant metastasis rate was 22 2% in the CT+RT group and 34 1% in the RT groupThere were no significant differences between the two groups(P>0 05) The overall 5-year survival of N2 patients was 66 7% in the CT+RT group and 38 7% in the RT groupThere was significant difference between the two groups(P<0 05)There were no significant differences in the incidence of acute mucositis and late complication between the two groups Conclusion Chemotherapy plus radiotherapy did not improve the 5-year survival for the stage Ⅲ~ⅣA nasopharyngeal carcinoma, but increased the 5-year survival rate of N2 patients
Key Words Nasopharyngeal carcinoma;Induction chemotherapy;Adjuvant chemotherapy;Radiotherapy
放射治疗是鼻咽癌的首选治疗手段,鼻咽癌治疗后5年生存率Ⅰ~Ⅱ期在60%以上,Ⅲ~Ⅳ期则只有20%~40%。国内目前各肿瘤中心首程治疗的患者中,Ⅲ~Ⅳ期大都占了70%~80%,虽然放疗技术不断改善,但疗效仍无明显提高,近10余年来各国学者采用综合治疗,尤其是诱导化疗即所谓新辅助化疗配合放疗治疗局部晚期鼻咽癌以期提高疗效。我院于1998年3月至2000年8月对45例Ⅲ~ⅣA期鼻咽癌行诱导化疗配合放疗然后加辅助化疗,将其列为观察组(放化组);选取同期收治、条件相当行单纯放疗的47例Ⅲ~ⅣA期鼻咽癌,将其作为对照组(单放组),进行疗效及不良反应对比分析,现总结报道如下。
1 材料与方法
1 1 一般资料 选取1998年3月至2000年8月在我院治疗的经病理证实为鼻咽低分化鳞癌的Ⅲ~ⅣA期的初诊患者92例,经胸部X线摄片、腹部B超、骨ECT等检查证实无远处转移;Karnofsky评分≥70,血常规及肝肾功能正常,均行鼻咽镜检、鼻咽CT检查,临床分期采用鼻咽癌1992广州~福州分期。其中放化组男性29例,女性16例,中位年龄46岁,其中Ⅲ期28例,ⅣA期17例,T13例、T224例、T312例、T46例;N03例、N13例、N227例、N312例。单放组男性32例,女性15例,中位年龄47岁,其中Ⅲ期32例,ⅣA期15例,T15例、T222例、T313例、T47例;N03例、N14例、N231例、N39例。两组的中位年龄、性别、临床分期和病理类型等方面经统计学处理无显著性差异(P>0 05)。
1 2 治疗方法 两组放射治疗均采用60Co~γ线或6~8MV X线外照射,常规分割放疗,照射范围包括鼻咽、颅底和颈部。原发灶的照射以面颈联合野和/或双侧耳前野为主野,鼻前野、耳后野及颅底野等为辅助野,剂量70~76Gy/35~38次;如有残留,行腔内后装治疗。颈部淋巴结采用颈部切线野加电子线垂直照射,预防剂量56Gy/28次,治疗剂量66Gy/33次,如有残留,则局部小野加量。两组放疗方法及放射剂量无显著性差异。放化组于放射治疗前接受2周期DF(DDP+5-FU)方案诱导化疗,顺铂(DDP)40mg,静脉滴注,第1~3天,氟尿嘧啶(5-FU)750mg,静脉滴注,第1~5天,第1周期化疗结束后休息2周重复以上化疗1周期,第2周期化疗结束后1周内开始放射治疗。放疗后休息4周后行3~4周期DF方案辅助化疗, DDP40mg,静脉滴注,第1~3天, 5-FU750mg,静脉滴注,第1~5天,21~28天为1周期。放、化疗期间配合止吐、升血象、抗炎以及营养支持治疗。
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