A note on Pierre Marie (1853–1940)
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《神经病学神经外科学杂志》
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Keywords: Pierre Marie; historical note
It is perhaps a reflection of the great pace of medical advance in the 19th and early 20th century that Charcot, Gowers, Foix, Parkes Weber, and others had so many diseases to commemorate their names. Much has been written about the merits and drawbacks of eponyms1 but the habit lingers. For assiduous collators, one of the most impressive lists attributed to a single individual is associated with Pierre Marie.
Pierre Marie was born of a wealthy Parisian family. He attended a boarding school in Vauves. Under coercion from his father he read law before deciding on a medical career. He became an intern in 1878 and under the spell of Charcot soon developed an interest in nervous diseases at the Salpêtrière and Bicêtre. An outstanding student, he worked as special clinical assistant. In 1883 he
He was also, with Charcot and Tooth,6 the first to define familial peroneal muscular atrophy (HMSN)7 in 1886; pulmonary hypertrophic osteoarthropathy8 (Marie–Bamberger disease); cerebellar heredo ataxia9; cleidocranial dysostosis; and ankylosing spondylitis,10 originally reported by Strümpell (1884) and Bechterev, and known as Marie Strümpell disease.
In 1897 Marie was appointed to the Hospice de Bicêtre, where he instigated a neurological service of international repute. There, he critically studied the aphasiacs (L’évolution du langage considéré au point de vue de l’étude de l’Aphasie, 1897) and was opposed to the views both of Broca (1824–1880) and Wernicke (1848–1905) on the localisation of speech. In a crushing critique he assailed the work of Broca, under the provocative title of The third left frontal convolution has no special role in the function of language. Re-examining Broca’s original specimen, he showed that the lesion extended considerably beyond Broca’s area. His three papers on aphasia appeared in 1906 in Semaine Médicale. This controversy provoked three designated sessions of the Société Fran?aise de Neurologie de Paris convened in 1908 to debate the arguments.
However, his work on aphasia dwindled after he obtained, in 1907, the Chair of Pathological Anatomy. Charles Foix continued it until his early death aged 45. Marie devoted his energies to advancing both pathology and its teaching, greatly helped by Gustave Roussy, who would succeed him. Not until 1918, aged 64, was Marie appointed to Charcot’s Chair of Neurology at Salpêtrière, recently occupied by Fulgence Raymond, édouard Brissaud, and Joseph Jules Dejerine. But the first world war had taken its toll. Laboratory facilities had not been maintained. The neurologists of the Charcot school had been preoccupied by the investigation and treatment of war injuries. Not surprisingly, Marie’s original work declined, but his Neurologie two volumes, 1923, was deservedly admired.
A brilliant clinician rooted firmly in the tradition of Charcot, Marie was an outstanding, demanding teacher, yet courteous and dignified. Percival Bailey11 described him "at his best in clinical consultation in which his discussions were short and pithy; his teaching was simple, clear, with plain exposition".
Although he
But his life was saddened by the death of his wife from erysipelas and his only son from botulism contracted at work in the Pasteur Institute. After this, he lived a solitary existence and died aged 86.
References
Koehler P , Bruyn G, Pearce JMS. Neurological eponyms. New York: Oxford University Press, 2000.
Major RH. Classic descriptions of disease. 3rd edn. Springfield, Illinois: Charles C Thomas, 1965.
Marie P . Lecons sur les maladies de la moelle. Paris: Masson, 1892; .
Marie Pierre. Sur deux cas d’acromegalie. Hypertrophe singuliere no congénitale des extrémités supérieures, inférieures et cephalique. Révue Médicale Fran?aise 1886;6:297–333.
Peacrce JMS. Acromegaly (Pierre Marie’s disease). In: Fragments of neurological history. London: Imperial College Press, 2003:501–9.
Pearce JMS. Howard Henry Tooth (1856–1925). J Neurol 2000;247:3–4.
Charcot JM, Marie P. Sur une forme particulière d’atrophie musculaire progressive souvent familiale débutant par les pieds et les jambes et atteignant plus tard les mains. Rev Méd Paris 1886;6:97–138.
Marie P . De l’ostéo-arthropathie hypertrophiante pneumonique. Rev Méd 1890;10:1–36.
Marie P . Sur l’hérédo-ataxie cérébelleuse. Sem Méd Paris 1893;13:444–7.
Marie P . Sur la spondylose rhizomélique. Rev Med 1898;18:285–315.
Bailey P . In: Webb Haymaker, Francis Schiller, eds. The founders of neurology. 2nd edn. Springfield: Charles C Thomas, 1970:476–9.(J M S Pearce)
Keywords: Pierre Marie; historical note
It is perhaps a reflection of the great pace of medical advance in the 19th and early 20th century that Charcot, Gowers, Foix, Parkes Weber, and others had so many diseases to commemorate their names. Much has been written about the merits and drawbacks of eponyms1 but the habit lingers. For assiduous collators, one of the most impressive lists attributed to a single individual is associated with Pierre Marie.
Pierre Marie was born of a wealthy Parisian family. He attended a boarding school in Vauves. Under coercion from his father he read law before deciding on a medical career. He became an intern in 1878 and under the spell of Charcot soon developed an interest in nervous diseases at the Salpêtrière and Bicêtre. An outstanding student, he worked as special clinical assistant. In 1883 he
He was also, with Charcot and Tooth,6 the first to define familial peroneal muscular atrophy (HMSN)7 in 1886; pulmonary hypertrophic osteoarthropathy8 (Marie–Bamberger disease); cerebellar heredo ataxia9; cleidocranial dysostosis; and ankylosing spondylitis,10 originally reported by Strümpell (1884) and Bechterev, and known as Marie Strümpell disease.
In 1897 Marie was appointed to the Hospice de Bicêtre, where he instigated a neurological service of international repute. There, he critically studied the aphasiacs (L’évolution du langage considéré au point de vue de l’étude de l’Aphasie, 1897) and was opposed to the views both of Broca (1824–1880) and Wernicke (1848–1905) on the localisation of speech. In a crushing critique he assailed the work of Broca, under the provocative title of The third left frontal convolution has no special role in the function of language. Re-examining Broca’s original specimen, he showed that the lesion extended considerably beyond Broca’s area. His three papers on aphasia appeared in 1906 in Semaine Médicale. This controversy provoked three designated sessions of the Société Fran?aise de Neurologie de Paris convened in 1908 to debate the arguments.
However, his work on aphasia dwindled after he obtained, in 1907, the Chair of Pathological Anatomy. Charles Foix continued it until his early death aged 45. Marie devoted his energies to advancing both pathology and its teaching, greatly helped by Gustave Roussy, who would succeed him. Not until 1918, aged 64, was Marie appointed to Charcot’s Chair of Neurology at Salpêtrière, recently occupied by Fulgence Raymond, édouard Brissaud, and Joseph Jules Dejerine. But the first world war had taken its toll. Laboratory facilities had not been maintained. The neurologists of the Charcot school had been preoccupied by the investigation and treatment of war injuries. Not surprisingly, Marie’s original work declined, but his Neurologie two volumes, 1923, was deservedly admired.
A brilliant clinician rooted firmly in the tradition of Charcot, Marie was an outstanding, demanding teacher, yet courteous and dignified. Percival Bailey11 described him "at his best in clinical consultation in which his discussions were short and pithy; his teaching was simple, clear, with plain exposition".
Although he
But his life was saddened by the death of his wife from erysipelas and his only son from botulism contracted at work in the Pasteur Institute. After this, he lived a solitary existence and died aged 86.
References
Koehler P , Bruyn G, Pearce JMS. Neurological eponyms. New York: Oxford University Press, 2000.
Major RH. Classic descriptions of disease. 3rd edn. Springfield, Illinois: Charles C Thomas, 1965.
Marie P . Lecons sur les maladies de la moelle. Paris: Masson, 1892; .
Marie Pierre. Sur deux cas d’acromegalie. Hypertrophe singuliere no congénitale des extrémités supérieures, inférieures et cephalique. Révue Médicale Fran?aise 1886;6:297–333.
Peacrce JMS. Acromegaly (Pierre Marie’s disease). In: Fragments of neurological history. London: Imperial College Press, 2003:501–9.
Pearce JMS. Howard Henry Tooth (1856–1925). J Neurol 2000;247:3–4.
Charcot JM, Marie P. Sur une forme particulière d’atrophie musculaire progressive souvent familiale débutant par les pieds et les jambes et atteignant plus tard les mains. Rev Méd Paris 1886;6:97–138.
Marie P . De l’ostéo-arthropathie hypertrophiante pneumonique. Rev Méd 1890;10:1–36.
Marie P . Sur l’hérédo-ataxie cérébelleuse. Sem Méd Paris 1893;13:444–7.
Marie P . Sur la spondylose rhizomélique. Rev Med 1898;18:285–315.
Bailey P . In: Webb Haymaker, Francis Schiller, eds. The founders of neurology. 2nd edn. Springfield: Charles C Thomas, 1970:476–9.(J M S Pearce)