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Medieval guide warns that sex is harmful for people with "dry breathin
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     These illustrations are taken from a group of 130 Italian drawings on display at the Sam Fogg museum in London.

    The drawings, done in the 1450s by artists in the circle of Mantegna, illustrate people from the Tacuinum Sanitatis (Table of Health), a medieval guide to health and well being. The guide was translated from Arabic into Latin by the 11th century physician Albucasis (Ibn Butl鈔). The drawings are one of four known sets illustrating the Tacuinum Sanitatis, the others being in Paris, Vienna, Rome, and Rouen.

    According to the Tacuinum the secret of health is the proper balance of six elements: air, food and drink, movement and rest, sleep, the elimination and retention of humours, and moderation of emotions such as joy, anger, and fear. The first picture above shows two women making pasta: one kneading the dough while the other arranges the strings on a drying rack. The text tells us that pasta is good for the chest and throat but is harmful to weak intestines and stomach. The second shows a man dressed in red who is harvesting fennel, which is good for the eyesight but bad for menstrual flow.

    Insomniacs and people looking for a foolproof excuse not to have sexual intercourse with their partner may find the guide particularly useful. Apparently conversation causes drowsiness and boredom so is ideal for those wishing to fall asleep; and sexual intercourse, though useful for the preservation of the species, can be harmful to people with cold or dry breathing.(BMJ Giselle Jones)