当前位置: 100md首页 > 医学版 > 医学资料 > ppt&课件 > 课件05
编号:15290
09~脑神经(Cranial nerves).ppt
http://www.100md.com
    参见附件(2841KB)。

    The Cranial Nerves

    山东大学医学院解剖教研室

    李振华

    Names of cranial nerves

    * Ⅰ Olfactory nerve

    * Ⅱ Optic nerve

    * Ⅲ Oculomotor nerve

    * Ⅳ Trochlear nerve

    * Ⅴ Trigeminal nerve

    * Ⅵ Abducent nerve

    * Ⅶ Facial nerve

    * Ⅷ Vestibulocochlear nerve

    * Ⅸ Glossopharyngeal nerve

    * Ⅹ Vagus nerve

    * Ⅺ Accessory nerve

    * Ⅻ Hypoglossal nerve

    Functional components

    * General somatic afferent fibers (GSA): transmit exteroceptive and proprioceptive impulses from head and face to somatic sensory nuclei

    * Special somatic afferent fibers (SSA): transmit sensory impulses from special sense organs of vision, equilibrium and hearing to the brain

    * General visceral afferent fibers (GVA): transmit interoceptive impulses from the viscera to the visceral sensory nuclei

    * Special visceral afferent fibers (SVA): transmit sensory impulses from special sense organs of smell and taste to the brain

    * General somatic efferent fibers (GSE): innervate skeletal muscles of eye and tongue

    * Special visceral efferent fibers (SVE): transmit motor impulses from the brain to skeletal muscles derived from brachial (gill) arches of embryo. These include the muscles of mastication, facial expression and swallowing

    * General visceral efferent fibers (GVE): transmit motor impulses from the general visceral motor nuclei and relayed in parasympathetic ganglions. The postganglionic fibers supply cardiac muscles，smooth muscles and glands

    Classification of cranial nerves

    * Sensory cranial nerves: contain only afferent (sensory) fibers

    * ⅠOlfactory nerve

    * ⅡOptic nerve

    * Ⅷ Vestibulocochlear nerve

    * Motor cranial nerves: contain only efferent (motor) fibers

    * Ⅲ Oculomotor nerve

    * Ⅳ Trochlear nerve

    * ⅥAbducent nerve

    * Ⅺ Accessory nerv

    * Ⅻ Hypoglossal nerve

    * Mixed nerves: contain both sensory and motor fibers---

    * ⅤTrigeminal nerve,* Ⅶ Facial nerve,* ⅨGlossopharyngeal nerve

    * ⅩVagus nerve

    Sensory cranial nerves

    Olfactory nerve

    Olfactory mucosa (SVA)→ Cribriform foramina → Olfactory bulb

    Optic nerve

    Ganglion cell (SSA) → Optic canal → Lateral geniculate body

    Vestibulocochlear nerve

    Vestibular ganglion(SSA) ↘↗ Vestibular nuclei

    Internal acoustic meatus

    Cochlear ganglion (SSA) ↗↘ Cochlear nuclei

    Motor cranial nerves

    Oculomotor nerve

    * Components

    * General somatic efferent fibers (GSE)

    * General visceral efferent fibers (GVE)

    * Main action-supplies

    * Superior, inferior and medial recti; inferior obliquus; levator palpebrae superioris

    * Sphincter pupillea and ciliary muscle

    * Ciliary ganglion: lies between optic nerve and lateral rectus

    Hypoglossal nerve

    Mixed cranial nerves

    Trigeminal nerve

    Components of fibers

    * SVE fibers: originate from motor nucleus of trigeminal nerve, and supply masticatory muscles

    * GSA fibers: transmit facial sensation to sensory nuclei of trigeminal nerve, the GSA fibers have their cell bodies in trigeminal ganglion, which lies on the apex of petrous part of temporal bone

    Branches

    * Ophthalmic nerve 眼神经 (Ⅴ1, sensory) leave the skull through the superior orbital fissure, to enter orbital cavity

    * Branches

    * Frontal nerve额神经:

    * Supratrochlear nerve滑车上神经

    * Supraorbital nerve眶上神经

    * Lacrimal nerve 泪腺神经

    * Nasociliary nerve鼻睫神经

    Distribution:

    * Sensation from cerebral dura mater

    * Visual organ

    * Mucosa of nose

    * Skin above the eye and back of nose

    Maxillary nerve上颌神经(Ⅴ2, sensory)

    * Leave skull through foramen rotundum

    * Branches

    * Infraorbital nerve眶下神经

    * Zygomatic nerve 颧神经

    * Superior alveolar nerve 上牙槽神经

    * Pterygopalatine nerve 翼腭神经

    Distribution:

    * Sensation from cerebral dura mater

    * Maxillary teeth

    * Mucosa of nose and mouth

    * Skin between eye and mouth

    Mandibular nerve (Ⅴ3, mixed) 下颌神经

    * Leave the skull through the foramen ovale to enter the infratemporal fossa

    * Branches

    * Auriculotemporal nerve耳颞神经

    * Buccal nerve 颊神经

    * Lingual nerve 舌神经

    * Inferior alveolar nerve下牙槽神经

    * Nerve of masticatory muscles 咀嚼肌神经

    Distribution:

    * Sensationfrom cerebral dura mater

    * Teethand gum of lower jaw

    * Mucosa of floor of mouth

    * Anterior 2/3 of tongue

    * Skin of auricular and temporal regions and below the mouth

    * Motor to masticatory muscles, mylohyoid, and anterior belly of digastric

    Facial nerve (Ⅶ)

    Components of fibers

    * SVE fibers originate from nucleus of facial nerve, and supply facial muscles

    * GVE fibers derived from superior salivatory nucleus and relayed in pterygopalatine ganglion and submandibular ganglion. The postganglionic fibers supply lacrimal, submandibular and sublingual glands

    * SVA fiber from taste buds of anterior two-thirds of tongue which cell bodies are in the geniculate ganglion of the facial nerve and end by synapsing with cells of nucleus of solitary tract

    * GSA fibers from skin of external ear

    Course: leaves skull through internal acoustic meatus, facial canal and stylomastoid foramen, it then enters parotid gland where it divides into five branches which supply facial muscles

    Branches within the facial canal

    * Chorda tympani 鼓索: joins lingual branch of mandibular nerve

    * To taste buds on anterior two-thirds of tongue

    * Relayed in submandibular ganglion, the postganglionic fibers supply submandibular and sublingual glands

    * Greater petrosal nerve岩大神经: GVE fibers pass to pterygopalatine ganglion 翼腭神经节 and there relayed through the zygomatic and lacrimal nerves to lacrimal gland

    * Stapedial nerve 镫骨肌神经: to stapedius

    Branches outside of facial canal......（后略) ......