03~脑干(Brain stem).ppt
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The brain stem
山东大学医学院解剖教研室
李振华
The brain
* Telencephalon 端脑
* Diencephalon间脑
* Cerebellum 小脑
* Brainstem 脑干
The brain stem 脑干
Consistsof
*Midbrain 中脑
*Pons脑桥
*Medulla oblongata延髓
Medulla oblongata延髓
Ventral surface
* Pyramid锥体: contain pyramidal tract (corticospinal tract)
* Decussation of pyramid锥体交叉: formed by crossing fibers of corticospinal tract
* Olive橄榄: produced by underlying inferior olivary nucleus
* Anterolateral sulcus前外侧沟: rootlets of hypoglossal nerve emerge from it
* Retroolivary sulcus橄榄后沟: rootlets of glossopharyngeal, vagus and accessory nerves emerge from it
Medulla oblongata 延髓
Dorsal surface
* Lower portion
* Gracile tubercle薄束结节: produced by underlying gracile nucleus
* Cuneate tubercle楔束结节: marks the site of cuneate nucleus
* Inferior cerebellar peduncle 小脑下脚
* Obex 闩
* Upper portion: forms the lower half of rhomboid fossa
Pons 脑桥
Ventral surface
* Basilar part 基底部
* Basilar sulcus 基底沟
* Bulbopontine sulcus 延髓脑桥沟: from medial to lateral, the abducent, facial and vestibulocochlear nerves appear
* Middle cerebellar peduncle 小脑中脚
* Trigeminal nerve 三叉神经
* Pontocerebellar trigone脑桥小脑三角: the junction of medulla, pons and cerebellum
Pons 脑桥
Dorsal surface
* Superior cerebellar peduncle 小脑上脚
* Superior medullary velum 前髓帆
* Trochlear nerve 滑车神经
Midbrain 中脑
Ventralsurface
* Crus cerebri 大脑脚底
* Interpeduncular fossa 脚间窝 oculomotor nerves emerge from medial of crus cerebri
* Posterior perforatedsubstance 后穿质
Midbrain中脑
Dorsal surface
* Superior colliculus 上丘constitute centers for visual reflexes
* Inferior colliculus 下丘associated with auditory pathway
* Brachium of superior colliculi 上丘臂
* Brachium of inferior colliculi 下丘臂
Fourth ventricle 第四脑室
Position
* Situated ventral to cerebellum, and dorsal to pons and cranial half of medulla
Boundaries
* Inferolateral: gracile and cuneate tubercles, inferiorcerebellar peduncle
* Superolateral: superior cerebellar peduncle
* Lateral recess
Features
* Median sulcus 正中沟
* Sulcus limitans 界沟
* Vestibular area前庭区 overlies vestibular nuclei
* Acoustic tubercle听结节overlying dorsal cochlear nucleus
* Medial eminence 内侧隆起
*Striae medullares 髓纹
* Facial colliculus面神经丘: overlies nucleus of abducent n. and genu of facial nerve
* Hypoglossal triangle舌下神经三角: verlying hypoglossal nucleus
* Vagal triangle迷走神经三角: overlies dorsal nucleus of vagus nerve
* Funiculus separans分隔索
* Area postrema 最后区
* Locus ceruleus 蓝斑
Roof
* Anterior part: formed by superior cerebellar peduncle and superior medullary velum
* Posterior part: formed by inferior medullary velum and choroid plexus of fourth ventricle
* Three apertures
* Median aperture of fourth ventricle 第四脑室正中孔
* Two lateral apertures of fourth ventricle 第四脑室外侧孔
Tela choroidea and choroid plexus
脉络丛和脉络组织
Internal structures
Gray matter
* Cranial nerve nuclei
* Relaynuclei
General somatic motor nuclei 一般躯体运动核
* Nucleus of oculomotor n.动眼神经核
* Nucleus of trochlear n. 滑车神经核
* Nucleus of abducent n. 展神经核
* Nucleus of hypoglossal n.舌下神经核
Special visceral motor nuclei 特殊内脏运动核
* Motor nucleus of trigeminal n. 三叉神经运动核
* Nucleus of facial n. 面神经核
* Nucleus ambiguus 疑核
* Accessory nucleus 副神经核
General visceral motor nuclei 一般内脏运动核
* Accessory oculomotor nucleus 动眼神经副核
* Superior salivatory nucleus 上泌涎核
* Inferior salivertory nucleus 下泌涎核
* Dorsal nucleus of vagus n. 迷走神经背核
Visceral sensory nuclei( general and special )
* Nucleus of solitary tract 孤束核
General somatic sensory nuclei
* Mesencephalic nucleus of trigeminal n. 三叉神经中脑核
* Pontine nucleus of trigeminal n.三叉神经脑桥核
* Spinal nucleus of trigeminal n.三叉神经脊束核
Special somatic sensory nuclei
* Cochlear nuclei 蜗神经核
* Vestibular nuclei 前庭神经核
Relay nuclei 传导中继核
* Gracile nucleus 薄束核
* Cuneate nucleus 楔束核
* Inferior olivary nucleus下橄榄核
* Superior olivery nucleus上橄榄核
* Pontine nucleus 脑桥核
* Nucleus of inferior colliculus下丘核
* Gray matter layers of superior colliculus 上丘灰质层
* Red nucleus 红核
* Substantia nigra 黑质
* Pretectal area 顶盖前区
Non-cranial nerve nuclei
White matter
Ascendingtracts
* Medial lemniscus 内侧丘系
* Spinal lemniscus脊髓丘系
* Trigeminal lemniscus 三叉丘系
* Lateral lemniscus外侧丘系
Descendingtracts
* Corticospinal tract皮质脊髓束
* Rubrospinal tract 红核脊髓束
* Tectospinal tract 顶盖脊髓束
* Vestibulospinal tract前庭脊髓束
* Reticulospinal tract 网状脊髓束
Reticular formation of brain stem
* Ascending reticular activating system (ARAS) 上行网状激动系统
* Motor central and vital centres
* Reticulospinal tract
* Cardiovascular center and respiratory center
* Serotonergic rapheal nuclei
The characters of internal structure of brain stem
Medullaoblongata
Lower part (closed part)
* Two decussations-
* Decussations of medial lemniscus
* Decussations of pyramid
Medullaoblongata
Upper part (open part)
* Appearance of inferior olivary nuculeus and inferior cerebellar peduncle
* Enlargement of central canal to form the fourth ventricle floor
Pons
* Tegmentum of pons 脑桥被盖directed upward continuation of medulla oblongata
* Basilar part 基底部
contain both longitudinal and transverse fibers intermixed with pontine nuclei
Midbrain
* Rectum of midbrain中脑顶盖: includes superior and inferior colliculi
* Cerebral peduncle 大脑脚
* Tegmentum 被盖:
contain ascending tracts, central gray matter, recticular formation and so on
* Substentia nigra 黑质
* Crus cerebri 大脑脚底:
* Pyramidal tract锥体束- middle three-fifths of the crus:
* Frontopontine tract额桥束 medial one-fifth:
* pariatotempopontine tract 顶颞桥束lateral one-fifth
The brain stem
山东大学医学院解剖教研室
李振华
The brain
* Telencephalon 端脑
* Diencephalon间脑
* Cerebellum 小脑
* Brainstem 脑干
The brain stem 脑干
Consistsof
*Midbrain 中脑
*Pons脑桥
*Medulla oblongata延髓
Medulla oblongata延髓
Ventral surface
* Pyramid锥体: contain pyramidal tract (corticospinal tract)
* Decussation of pyramid锥体交叉: formed by crossing fibers of corticospinal tract
* Olive橄榄: produced by underlying inferior olivary nucleus
* Anterolateral sulcus前外侧沟: rootlets of hypoglossal nerve emerge from it
* Retroolivary sulcus橄榄后沟: rootlets of glossopharyngeal, vagus and accessory nerves emerge from it
Medulla oblongata 延髓
Dorsal surface
* Lower portion
* Gracile tubercle薄束结节: produced by underlying gracile nucleus
* Cuneate tubercle楔束结节: marks the site of cuneate nucleus
* Inferior cerebellar peduncle 小脑下脚
* Obex 闩
* Upper portion: forms the lower half of rhomboid fossa
Pons 脑桥
Ventral surface
* Basilar part 基底部
* Basilar sulcus 基底沟
* Bulbopontine sulcus 延髓脑桥沟: from medial to lateral, the abducent, facial and vestibulocochlear nerves appear
* Middle cerebellar peduncle 小脑中脚
* Trigeminal nerve 三叉神经
* Pontocerebellar trigone脑桥小脑三角: the junction of medulla, pons and cerebellum
Pons 脑桥
Dorsal surface
* Superior cerebellar peduncle 小脑上脚
* Superior medullary velum 前髓帆
* Trochlear nerve 滑车神经
Midbrain 中脑
Ventralsurface
* Crus cerebri 大脑脚底
* Interpeduncular fossa 脚间窝 oculomotor nerves emerge from medial of crus cerebri
* Posterior perforatedsubstance 后穿质
Midbrain中脑
Dorsal surface
* Superior colliculus 上丘constitute centers for visual reflexes
* Inferior colliculus 下丘associated with auditory pathway
* Brachium of superior colliculi 上丘臂
* Brachium of inferior colliculi 下丘臂
Fourth ventricle 第四脑室
Position
* Situated ventral to cerebellum, and dorsal to pons and cranial half of medulla
Boundaries
* Inferolateral: gracile and cuneate tubercles, inferiorcerebellar peduncle
* Superolateral: superior cerebellar peduncle
* Lateral recess
Features
* Median sulcus 正中沟
* Sulcus limitans 界沟
* Vestibular area前庭区 overlies vestibular nuclei
* Acoustic tubercle听结节overlying dorsal cochlear nucleus
* Medial eminence 内侧隆起
*Striae medullares 髓纹
* Facial colliculus面神经丘: overlies nucleus of abducent n. and genu of facial nerve
* Hypoglossal triangle舌下神经三角: verlying hypoglossal nucleus
* Vagal triangle迷走神经三角: overlies dorsal nucleus of vagus nerve
* Funiculus separans分隔索
* Area postrema 最后区
* Locus ceruleus 蓝斑
Roof
* Anterior part: formed by superior cerebellar peduncle and superior medullary velum
* Posterior part: formed by inferior medullary velum and choroid plexus of fourth ventricle
* Three apertures
* Median aperture of fourth ventricle 第四脑室正中孔
* Two lateral apertures of fourth ventricle 第四脑室外侧孔
Tela choroidea and choroid plexus
脉络丛和脉络组织
Internal structures
Gray matter
* Cranial nerve nuclei
* Relaynuclei
General somatic motor nuclei 一般躯体运动核
* Nucleus of oculomotor n.动眼神经核
* Nucleus of trochlear n. 滑车神经核
* Nucleus of abducent n. 展神经核
* Nucleus of hypoglossal n.舌下神经核
Special visceral motor nuclei 特殊内脏运动核
* Motor nucleus of trigeminal n. 三叉神经运动核
* Nucleus of facial n. 面神经核
* Nucleus ambiguus 疑核
* Accessory nucleus 副神经核
General visceral motor nuclei 一般内脏运动核
* Accessory oculomotor nucleus 动眼神经副核
* Superior salivatory nucleus 上泌涎核
* Inferior salivertory nucleus 下泌涎核
* Dorsal nucleus of vagus n. 迷走神经背核
Visceral sensory nuclei( general and special )
* Nucleus of solitary tract 孤束核
General somatic sensory nuclei
* Mesencephalic nucleus of trigeminal n. 三叉神经中脑核
* Pontine nucleus of trigeminal n.三叉神经脑桥核
* Spinal nucleus of trigeminal n.三叉神经脊束核
Special somatic sensory nuclei
* Cochlear nuclei 蜗神经核
* Vestibular nuclei 前庭神经核
Relay nuclei 传导中继核
* Gracile nucleus 薄束核
* Cuneate nucleus 楔束核
* Inferior olivary nucleus下橄榄核
* Superior olivery nucleus上橄榄核
* Pontine nucleus 脑桥核
* Nucleus of inferior colliculus下丘核
* Gray matter layers of superior colliculus 上丘灰质层
* Red nucleus 红核
* Substantia nigra 黑质
* Pretectal area 顶盖前区
Non-cranial nerve nuclei
White matter
Ascendingtracts
* Medial lemniscus 内侧丘系
* Spinal lemniscus脊髓丘系
* Trigeminal lemniscus 三叉丘系
* Lateral lemniscus外侧丘系
Descendingtracts
* Corticospinal tract皮质脊髓束
* Rubrospinal tract 红核脊髓束
* Tectospinal tract 顶盖脊髓束
* Vestibulospinal tract前庭脊髓束
* Reticulospinal tract 网状脊髓束
Reticular formation of brain stem
* Ascending reticular activating system (ARAS) 上行网状激动系统
* Motor central and vital centres
* Reticulospinal tract
* Cardiovascular center and respiratory center
* Serotonergic rapheal nuclei
The characters of internal structure of brain stem
Medullaoblongata
Lower part (closed part)
* Two decussations-
* Decussations of medial lemniscus
* Decussations of pyramid
Medullaoblongata
Upper part (open part)
* Appearance of inferior olivary nuculeus and inferior cerebellar peduncle
* Enlargement of central canal to form the fourth ventricle floor
Pons
* Tegmentum of pons 脑桥被盖directed upward continuation of medulla oblongata
* Basilar part 基底部
contain both longitudinal and transverse fibers intermixed with pontine nuclei
Midbrain
* Rectum of midbrain中脑顶盖: includes superior and inferior colliculi
* Cerebral peduncle 大脑脚
* Tegmentum 被盖:
contain ascending tracts, central gray matter, recticular formation and so on
* Substentia nigra 黑质
* Crus cerebri 大脑脚底:
* Pyramidal tract锥体束- middle three-fifths of the crus:
* Frontopontine tract额桥束 medial one-fifth:
* pariatotempopontine tract 顶颞桥束lateral one-fifth